In Vitro Enzymatic Assays of Azadirachta indica Extract and Identification of Bioactive Compounds using Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrophotometer

Adewole E; Ojo A; Omoaghe AO; Enye LA; Jamshed I

Abstract

In Vitro Enzymatic Assays of Azadirachta indica Extract and Identification of Bioactive Compounds using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer

Author(s): Adewole E , Ojo A, Omoaghe AO , Enye LA, Jamshed I

Background: Azadirachta indica leaves have been discovered to be a therapeutic plant with various pharmacological properties and are used locally for treating different types of ailments which include malarial, diabetes mellitus and a host of others. The plant after extensive literature search has not been simultaneously been investigated for its antidiabetic potentials against the α-glucosidase, β- glucosidase, maltase glucoamylase and the aldose reductase which has two isoforms (ALR1 and ALR2) and this necessitate the research work.

Methods: The in vitro enzymatic assays were done after the subjecting the plant to extraction using chloroform solvent. The percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase, β- glucosidase and maltase glucoamylase were determined and the aldose reductase which has two isoforms (ALR1 and ALR2) inhibitory potential and inhibitory concentration were determined using laid down protocol with slight modification and finally the crude extract was characterized using GC-MS to revealed the presence of bioactive compounds which were screened computationally for their various drug properties using OSIRIS Online Server Explorer.

Results: The extract percentage inhibition against α-glucosidase was 76.95+4.19%, maltase glucoamylase (73.9+5.92%), the results were better than the standard acarbose (68.54 ± 8.48), β-glucosidase (18.03 ± 4.59) showed less potent compared with standard castanospermine (59.98). The IC₅₀ of ALR1 and ALR2 were in the same range of 1.05+0.5 μg/ml. The GC-MS revealed compounds such as D-mannitol,1-decysulfonyl, Z-27-Hexatriacontan-2-one, oxalic acid,6-ethyl oct-3-yl-isobutyl ester, Lanosta-7,9 (11)-dien- 18-oic Acid, 22,25-epoxy-3,17,20-trihydroxy-gamma-lactone, 1,3-dioxolane,4-ethyl-5-octyl,2,2-bis(trifluoro methyl)-, trans, pyrrolidine,1- methyl-3,2-spiro-benzo-1,3-dioxolane. 3-Tosyl sedoheptulose and carbonic acid, pentadecyl ester and these compounds exhibited various when screened computionall using Online OSIRIS explorer for their various drug properties.

Conclusion: The potent inhibitory activities of the chloroform extract against α-glucosidase, maltase glucoamylase and the aldose reductase (ALR1 and ALR2) is an indication that the plant possesses good therapeutic potential for the treatment against diabetes mellitus.

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